Achieving Systemic Bankability of Carbon Capture and Storage in Poland

A guide to commercial development using the systemic bankability framework.

Poland’s industrial sector generated roughly 60 million tonnes of CO₂ in 2024, representing nearly 20% of the country’s total CO₂ emissions, and a significant share of those emissions cannot be eliminated through electrification alone. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies present one of many vital opportunities to address these hard-to-abate emissions and advance competitive industrial decarbonisation in Poland. Yet the country has not deployed a single large-scale CCS facility.

This report aims to understand why that is, and what it will take to change it.

Drawing on the systemic bankability framework developed by Clean Air Task Force and Princeton’s Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, this report applies nine conditions for commercial-scale technology deployment to Poland’s CCS sector. Systemic bankability exists when technology costs have fallen, project risks are manageable, financing is available on commercial terms, and enough projects have been built that private capital can flow repeatedly and at scale.